TY - JOUR
T1 - Hamstring-to-quadriceps fatigue ratio offers new and different muscle function information than the conventional non-fatigued ratio
AU - Pinto, Matheus Daros
AU - Blazevich, Anthony J.
AU - Andersen, Lars L.
AU - Mil-Homens, Pedro
AU - Pinto, Ronei Silveira
N1 - © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Commonly used injury risk prediction tests such as the hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) strength ratio appear to be poor predictors of non-contact injury. However, these tests are typically performed in a non-fatigued state, despite accumulated fatigue being an important risk factor for both hamstring strain (HS) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in professional soccer players. After the effect of different H:Q calculation methods were compared and contrasted, the influence of neuromuscular fatigue on the H:Q strength ratio and the association between fatigued and non-fatigued ratio scores were examined. Thirty-five professional soccer players performed a 30-repetition isokinetic fatigue test protocol. Peak knee joint moments were computed for each repetition, and the H:Q conventional ratio (H:Q
CR) was calculated using several different, previously published, methods. Knee extensor and flexor moments were statistically decreased by the sixth repetition and continued to decrease until the end of the protocol. However, the H:Q ratio was statistically decreased at the end of the test due to a significant reduction in knee flexor moment (correlation between change in knee flexor moment and change in H:Q, r≈.80; P<.01). Moreover, H:Q measured in fatigue (ie, H:Q
F
atigue) at the end of the test was greater than H:Q
CR (1.25-1.38 vs 0.70, P<.01), these variables were weakly correlated (r=.39, P=.02), and subject rankings within the cohort based on H:Q
CR and H:Q
F
atigue were different (r
s=0.25, P=.15). The present data suggest that H:Q ratio measurement during a fatiguing test (H:Q
F
atigue) provides different outcomes to the traditional H:Q
CR. The observed significant hamstring fatigue and the difference, and weak correlation, between H:Q
CR and H:Q
F
atigue indicate that useful information might be obtained with respect to the prediction of HS and ACL injury risk. The potential predictive value of H:Q
F
atigue warrants validation in future prospective trials.
AB - Commonly used injury risk prediction tests such as the hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) strength ratio appear to be poor predictors of non-contact injury. However, these tests are typically performed in a non-fatigued state, despite accumulated fatigue being an important risk factor for both hamstring strain (HS) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in professional soccer players. After the effect of different H:Q calculation methods were compared and contrasted, the influence of neuromuscular fatigue on the H:Q strength ratio and the association between fatigued and non-fatigued ratio scores were examined. Thirty-five professional soccer players performed a 30-repetition isokinetic fatigue test protocol. Peak knee joint moments were computed for each repetition, and the H:Q conventional ratio (H:Q
CR) was calculated using several different, previously published, methods. Knee extensor and flexor moments were statistically decreased by the sixth repetition and continued to decrease until the end of the protocol. However, the H:Q ratio was statistically decreased at the end of the test due to a significant reduction in knee flexor moment (correlation between change in knee flexor moment and change in H:Q, r≈.80; P<.01). Moreover, H:Q measured in fatigue (ie, H:Q
F
atigue) at the end of the test was greater than H:Q
CR (1.25-1.38 vs 0.70, P<.01), these variables were weakly correlated (r=.39, P=.02), and subject rankings within the cohort based on H:Q
CR and H:Q
F
atigue were different (r
s=0.25, P=.15). The present data suggest that H:Q ratio measurement during a fatiguing test (H:Q
F
atigue) provides different outcomes to the traditional H:Q
CR. The observed significant hamstring fatigue and the difference, and weak correlation, between H:Q
CR and H:Q
F
atigue indicate that useful information might be obtained with respect to the prediction of HS and ACL injury risk. The potential predictive value of H:Q
F
atigue warrants validation in future prospective trials.
KW - Journal Article
KW - isokinetic
KW - soccer
KW - test interpretation
KW - fatigue test
KW - neuromuscular fatigue
KW - hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio
KW - anterior cruciate ligament and hamstring strain injuries
KW - Knee Joint/physiology
KW - Quadriceps Muscle/physiology
KW - Soccer
KW - Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
KW - Humans
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Athletes
KW - Hamstring Muscles/physiology
KW - Young Adult
KW - Adult
KW - Muscle Fatigue
KW - Muscle Strength
UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/sms.12891
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85018978256&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/sms.12891
DO - 10.1111/sms.12891
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 28378509
SN - 0905-7188
VL - 28
SP - 282
EP - 293
JO - Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
JF - Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
IS - 1
ER -