TY - JOUR
T1 - A Hybrid Ray and Graph Model for Simulating Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channels in Tunnels
AU - Gan, Mingming
AU - Steinböck, Gerhard
AU - Xu, Zhinan
AU - Pedersen, Troels
AU - Zemen, Thomas
PY - 2018/9/1
Y1 - 2018/9/1
N2 - Wave propagation in tunnels for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications scenarios is characterized by multiple diffuse reflections on tunnel surfaces as well as specular reflections on other objects inside the tunnel, leading to a nonstationary fading process. Such a fading process is difficult to model by ray tracing (RT), requiring a prohibitively high computational complexity due to the large number of diffuse reflections. In this paper, we propose two new ideas for modeling diffuse reflections in nonstationary scenarios: 1) We partition the nonstationary fading process into multiple stationarity regions with a given extent in time and frequency for which approximate wide-sense stationarity can be assumed; 2) we propose a hybrid model, tightly interlinking RT with a propagation graph, such that vertices for the propagation graph are obtained from interaction points calculated by RT for each stationarity region. We compare our hybrid model with measurement data in terms of the time-variant power-delay and the Doppler-power spectral-density as well as the root-mean square delay- and Doppler-spread. This analysis shows, that our hybrid model is the first numerical simulation model that is able to model diffuse reflections inside a tunnel with correct nonstationary (i.e., time-variant) temporal correlation for a nonstationary V2V communication link.
AB - Wave propagation in tunnels for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications scenarios is characterized by multiple diffuse reflections on tunnel surfaces as well as specular reflections on other objects inside the tunnel, leading to a nonstationary fading process. Such a fading process is difficult to model by ray tracing (RT), requiring a prohibitively high computational complexity due to the large number of diffuse reflections. In this paper, we propose two new ideas for modeling diffuse reflections in nonstationary scenarios: 1) We partition the nonstationary fading process into multiple stationarity regions with a given extent in time and frequency for which approximate wide-sense stationarity can be assumed; 2) we propose a hybrid model, tightly interlinking RT with a propagation graph, such that vertices for the propagation graph are obtained from interaction points calculated by RT for each stationarity region. We compare our hybrid model with measurement data in terms of the time-variant power-delay and the Doppler-power spectral-density as well as the root-mean square delay- and Doppler-spread. This analysis shows, that our hybrid model is the first numerical simulation model that is able to model diffuse reflections inside a tunnel with correct nonstationary (i.e., time-variant) temporal correlation for a nonstationary V2V communication link.
KW - Ray tracing
KW - computational complexity
KW - non-stationary fading process, propagation graph
KW - vehicle-to-vehicle
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85047651080&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TVT.2018.2839980
DO - 10.1109/TVT.2018.2839980
M3 - Journal article
SN - 0018-9545
VL - 67
SP - 7955
EP - 7968
JO - I E E E Transactions on Vehicular Technology
JF - I E E E Transactions on Vehicular Technology
IS - 9
M1 - 8362978
ER -