Abstract
PURPOSE: To characterize the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationship between exposure of morphine and subsequent morphine consumption and to develop simulation tools for model validation.
METHODS: Dose, formulation and time of morphine administration was available from a published study in 63 patients receiving intravenous, oral immediate release or oral controlled release morphine on request after hip surgery. The PK-PD relationship between predicted exposure of morphine and morphine consumption was modeled using repeated time to event (RTTE) modeling in NONMEM. To validate the RTTE model, a visual predictive check method was developed with simulated morphine consumption given the exposure of preceding morphine administration.
RESULTS: The probability of requesting morphine was found to be significantly related to the exposure of morphine as well as night/day. Oral controlled release morphine was more effective than intravenous and oral immediate release formulations at equivalent average concentrations. Maximum effect was obtained for 8 h by oral controlled release doses ≥ 15 mg, where probability of requesting a new dose was reduced to 20% for a typical patient.
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the first quantitative link between exposure of morphine and subsequent morphine consumption and introduces an efficient visual predictive check approach with simulation of adaptive dosing.
Original language | English |
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Journal | Pharmaceutical Research |
Volume | 33 |
Issue number | 5 |
Pages (from-to) | 1093-1103 |
Number of pages | 11 |
ISSN | 0724-8741 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2016 |