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Abstract
This paper presents the development of a semi-empirical combined lifetime model for a Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) cathode and a graphite anode based cell, considered as one of the most promising candidates for the automotive industry. The development of this model was based on a thorough understanding of the degradation behavior of a 20-A h NMC cell, based on the analysis of the results of an extensive test-matrix using 146 cells. This test-matrix was designed around four impact factors: temperature (25–45 °C), Depth-of-Discharge (100–20% DoD), middle State-of-Charge (80–20% Mid-SoC) and current rates (C/3 to 2C). Gathering sufficient data for a mathematical model requires a huge time-investment, and the measurements gathered over the course of 2.5 years offer a unique insight in the aging behavior of the NMC cells used in this study. Experimental results for cycling aging indicated that the capacity loss was strongly affected by the Depth-of-Discharge and temperature. For calendar aging, an initial increase in capacity was observed when stored at low State-of-Charges, due to electrochemical milling, while the deterioration of the capacity was affected most by high storage State-Of-Charges and storage temperatures. The developed combined lifetime model showed an error of less than 5% RMS compared to the measurement results after a Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test (WLTC) was applied for 18 months
Original language | English |
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Journal | Applied Energy |
Volume | 200 |
Pages (from-to) | 47-61 |
Number of pages | 15 |
ISSN | 0306-2619 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Aug 2017 |
Keywords
- Lifetime model
- NMC
- Cycling aging
- Calendar aging
- Semi-empirical model
- Dynamic validation
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Dive into the research topics of 'Combined cycling and calendar capacity fade modeling of a Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt Oxide Cell with real-life profile validation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.Projects
- 1 Finished
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Batteries 2020: Towards Realistic European Competitive Automotive Batteries
Teodorescu, R., Swierczynski, M. J., Stroe, D. & Knap, V.
EU FP7, Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)
01/09/2013 → 31/08/2016
Project: Research