Abstract
This study presents detailed chemical and thermophysical analysis of bio-crude from a continuous hydrothermal liquefaction research plant. Current research on bio-crude focuses mainly on specific biomass feedstocks and conversion process conditions and resulting yields rather than on bio-crude properties for downstream processing. This study contributes to the next level of research, where HTL bio-crude is evaluated as a potential refinery co-processing feedstock with regard to bulk and fractional properties.
The bio-crude used in the current work has been produced from a hardwood feedstock. Bio-crude assays, adapted from conventional crude oil assays, have been obtained, including fractionation of the bio-crude through 15:5 vacuum distillation. The bio-crude and its fractions have been analyzed with respect to heating value, elemental composition, density and oxygen-containing functional groups. Results show a highly promising bio-crude quality, with a higher heating value of 40.4 MJ/kg, elemental oxygen content of 5.3 wt.%, a specific gravity of 0.97 and a distillation recovery of ∼53.4 wt.% at an atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) of 375 °C, . Results show that only minor upgrading is needed to achieve co-processing properties and to obtain a refinery bio-feed. This forms the basis for subsequent assessment of drop-in and co-processing potential and parametric upgrading trials of the bio-crude presented in part 2 of this work.
The bio-crude used in the current work has been produced from a hardwood feedstock. Bio-crude assays, adapted from conventional crude oil assays, have been obtained, including fractionation of the bio-crude through 15:5 vacuum distillation. The bio-crude and its fractions have been analyzed with respect to heating value, elemental composition, density and oxygen-containing functional groups. Results show a highly promising bio-crude quality, with a higher heating value of 40.4 MJ/kg, elemental oxygen content of 5.3 wt.%, a specific gravity of 0.97 and a distillation recovery of ∼53.4 wt.% at an atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) of 375 °C, . Results show that only minor upgrading is needed to achieve co-processing properties and to obtain a refinery bio-feed. This forms the basis for subsequent assessment of drop-in and co-processing potential and parametric upgrading trials of the bio-crude presented in part 2 of this work.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Journal | Fuel |
Volume | 165 |
Pages (from-to) | 526–535 |
Number of pages | 10 |
ISSN | 0016-2361 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Feb 2016 |
Keywords
- Hydrothermal liquefaction
- Fractional distillation
- Co-processing
- Biomass
- Bio-crude