TY - JOUR
T1 - Post-translational and transcriptional dynamics - regulating extracellular vesicle biology
AU - Claridge, Bethany
AU - Kastaniegaard, Kenneth
AU - Stensballe, Allan
AU - Greening, David W
PY - 2019/1/2
Y1 - 2019/1/2
N2 - INTRODUCTION: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted into their extracellular environment, contain a specific repertoire of cellular cargo, and represent a novel vehicle for cell-cell communication. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are emerging as major effectors of EV biology and function, and in turn, regulate cellular signaling. Areas covered: Discovery and investigation of PTMs such as methylation, glycosylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, sumoylation, and many others has established fundamental roles for PTMs within EVs and associated EV function. The application of enrichment strategies for modifications, high-resolution quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics, and improved technological approaches have provided key insights into identification and characterization of EV-based PTMs. Recently, an overwhelming appreciation for the diversity of modifications, including post-transcriptional modifications, dynamic roles of these modifications, and their emerging interplay, including protein-protein, protein-lipid, protein-RNA, and variable RNA modifications, is emerging. At a cellular level, such interplay is essential for gene expression/genome organization, protein function and localization, RNA metabolism, cell division, and cell signaling. Expert commentary: The understanding of these modifications and interactions will provide strategies toward how distinct cargo is localized, sorted, and delivered through EVs to mediate intercellular function, with further understanding of such modifications and intermolecular interactions will provide advances in EV-based therapeutic strategies.
AB - INTRODUCTION: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted into their extracellular environment, contain a specific repertoire of cellular cargo, and represent a novel vehicle for cell-cell communication. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are emerging as major effectors of EV biology and function, and in turn, regulate cellular signaling. Areas covered: Discovery and investigation of PTMs such as methylation, glycosylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, sumoylation, and many others has established fundamental roles for PTMs within EVs and associated EV function. The application of enrichment strategies for modifications, high-resolution quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics, and improved technological approaches have provided key insights into identification and characterization of EV-based PTMs. Recently, an overwhelming appreciation for the diversity of modifications, including post-transcriptional modifications, dynamic roles of these modifications, and their emerging interplay, including protein-protein, protein-lipid, protein-RNA, and variable RNA modifications, is emerging. At a cellular level, such interplay is essential for gene expression/genome organization, protein function and localization, RNA metabolism, cell division, and cell signaling. Expert commentary: The understanding of these modifications and interactions will provide strategies toward how distinct cargo is localized, sorted, and delivered through EVs to mediate intercellular function, with further understanding of such modifications and intermolecular interactions will provide advances in EV-based therapeutic strategies.
KW - Extracellular vesicles
KW - post-transcriptional regulation
KW - post-translational modification
KW - proteomics
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85059058921&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/14789450.2019.1551135
DO - 10.1080/14789450.2019.1551135
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30457403
SN - 1478-9450
VL - 16
SP - 17
EP - 31
JO - Expert Review of Proteomics
JF - Expert Review of Proteomics
IS - 1
ER -