@inbook{3563f9d5f68c4a1db7236a5cd9186581,
title = "Developing Public Sector Trade Unionism in Scandinavia: From Noble Civil Servants to Militant Wage Earners",
abstract = "In Scandinavia, trade unionism originates in the private sectors. It all started with the industrial breakthrough in the 1860s, which led to profit-oriented companies coming into competition with each other and the formation of a market for the purchase and sale of labor (Webb, S. and Webb, B. [1897] Industrial Democracy [London: Longmans], see introduction of this volume). The immediate consequent was an insecure existence for the workers in the form of unemployment and pressure on wages.",
author = "Laust H{\o}gedahl",
year = "2023",
month = feb,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-031-08987-9_16",
language = "English",
isbn = "978-3-031-08986-2",
series = "Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements ",
publisher = "Palgrave Macmillan",
pages = "327--350",
editor = "Jesper J{\o}rgensen and Flemming Mikkelsen",
booktitle = "Trade Union Activism in the Nordic Countries since 1900",
}