A DoS attack intensity-aware adaptive critic design of frequency regulation for EV-integrated power grids

Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology provides an economical, fast response and highly flexible capabilities for grid frequency regulation (FR). However, denial of service (DoS) attacks disrupt the communication links between V2G FR controllers and electrical vehicle (EV) aggregators leading to severe degradation of FR performance. Therefore, this paper proposes an attack intensity-aware adaptive critic design (AIACD) to improve FR performance under DoS attacks. In the proposed AIACD, a game framework is constructed to derive the optimal robust V2G FR controller, considering attack intensity and V2G power limits. The optimal V2G FR controller is approximated by neural networks to minimize a proposed attack intensity-aware cost function. The cost function is modeled as a function of both system states and attack intensity so that minimizing the cost function to optimize the V2G FR controller for the corresponding attack intensity. The IEEE 39-bus cases with three areas illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed AIACD under DoS attacks.