An interview-based study of professional creative activity with inter-domain comparisons

From a cultural psychology perspective, culture exists not only at the level of national units but also at the more basic level of communities within nations. Professional groups are a good example of cultural communities. Creativity “uses” culture to “produce” culture (Glăveanu, 2011). Artists, designers and scientists represent distinctive professional cultures associated with recognized forms of creative activity because the expression of creativity appears to be culture-specific (Bhawuk, 2003; Lubart, 1999; Weiner, 2000). The research presented here explores the main factors required for creative expression in art, design and science. This aspect was investigated with the help of a questionnaire completed by 65 recognized French creators. Creative expression, in terms of outcomes, shows similarities but also differences between art, design, and science. Findings are interpreted in light of cultural and contextual influences and three types of professional cultures that foster creativity will be discussed based on the systemic model of creativity (Feldman, Csikszentmihalyi & Gardner, 1994). In the end, practical suggestions to improve creativity and innovation management will be offered in this communication.