Battery Aware Analysis of Sensor Networks in Uppaal SMC

Digital Wireless Sensor Nodes (DWSN) are usually powered by a battery source that has a limited energy capacity. In many applications, the nodes are installed in inaccessible locations, and it is quite difficult or impossible to install a large battery or frequently change the battery. So, energy optimisation is crucial in order to increase the node's lifetime. This study presents the energy aware analysis of a Sigfox based DWSN, which is designed to monitor the water level in drainage lines in a city to improve surface- and waste-water management. We propose a model-based technique using Uppaal Smc to model and analyse the node's lifetime. Statistical Model Checking provides a highly scalable technique for performance analysis of complex cyber-physical-systems. The model captures the energy-related behaviour of the node, the Sigfox radio specifications, and data from the device's datasheets. Further, we calibrate the model using measurements obtained from the hardware to compare with its actual behaviour. The results show that the designed prototype of DWSN powered by a 10,000 mAh battery can remain active for 202 days when it is simulated for maximum functional capacity and the lifetime can be extended up to 2.3 years by applying different communication strategies.