TY - JOUR
T1 - Electrochemical removal of Bisphenol A from landfill leachate under Nordic climate conditions
AU - Ambauen, Noëmi
AU - Weber, Clara
AU - Muff, Jens
AU - Hallé, Cynthia
AU - Meyn, Thomas
N1 - Funding Information:
Open Access funding provided by NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology (incl St. Olavs Hospital - Trondheim University Hospital). This study was financially supported by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and the Søndre Helgelands Miljøverk IKS, Norway.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/11/1
Y1 - 2020/11/1
N2 - Abstract: This study investigated the applicability of electrochemical oxidation for landfill leachate treatment in climate areas, where cold temperatures prevail (like Northern Norway). Experiments were completed with pre-treated (coagulation/flocculation and separation) landfill leachate at 6 and 20 °C in order to assess the temperature influence on the degradation of the organic pollutant Bisphenol A and the fate of the ordinary wastewater parameters COD and nitrate. Furthermore, two different anode materials (Ti/Pt and Nb/BDD) and three different current densities (10, 43 and 86 mA cm−2) were compared. Additionally, the formation of the two groups of disinfection by-products, trihalomethanes and perchlorate, was monitored. A 99% removal of Bisphenol A was confirmed at 6 °C on both tested anode materials, but a current density of at least 43 mA cm−2 must be applied. Removal rates were on average 38% slower at 6 °C than at 20 °C. For comparison, Bisphenol A removal in clean electrolyte disclosed faster degradation rates (between 50 and 68%) due to absent landfill leachate matrix effects. The energy consumption for 99% Bisphenol A removal was 0.28 to 1.30 kWh m−3, and was on average 14% higher at 6 °C compared to 20 °C. Trihalomethanes were mainly formed on Pt anodes in the ppb range, while perchlorate was primarily formed at BDD anodes in the ppm range. Formation of disinfection by-products increased with increased applied current and temperature. Electrochemical oxidation was found to be a suitable treatment process for landfill leachate in cold climate areas by successfully meeting treatment goals. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
AB - Abstract: This study investigated the applicability of electrochemical oxidation for landfill leachate treatment in climate areas, where cold temperatures prevail (like Northern Norway). Experiments were completed with pre-treated (coagulation/flocculation and separation) landfill leachate at 6 and 20 °C in order to assess the temperature influence on the degradation of the organic pollutant Bisphenol A and the fate of the ordinary wastewater parameters COD and nitrate. Furthermore, two different anode materials (Ti/Pt and Nb/BDD) and three different current densities (10, 43 and 86 mA cm−2) were compared. Additionally, the formation of the two groups of disinfection by-products, trihalomethanes and perchlorate, was monitored. A 99% removal of Bisphenol A was confirmed at 6 °C on both tested anode materials, but a current density of at least 43 mA cm−2 must be applied. Removal rates were on average 38% slower at 6 °C than at 20 °C. For comparison, Bisphenol A removal in clean electrolyte disclosed faster degradation rates (between 50 and 68%) due to absent landfill leachate matrix effects. The energy consumption for 99% Bisphenol A removal was 0.28 to 1.30 kWh m−3, and was on average 14% higher at 6 °C compared to 20 °C. Trihalomethanes were mainly formed on Pt anodes in the ppb range, while perchlorate was primarily formed at BDD anodes in the ppm range. Formation of disinfection by-products increased with increased applied current and temperature. Electrochemical oxidation was found to be a suitable treatment process for landfill leachate in cold climate areas by successfully meeting treatment goals. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
KW - Applied current
KW - Bisphenol A
KW - Disinfection by-products
KW - Energy consumption
KW - Organic pollutants
KW - Temperature
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85090849407&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10800-020-01476-3
DO - 10.1007/s10800-020-01476-3
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85090849407
SN - 0021-891X
VL - 50
SP - 1175
EP - 1188
JO - Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
JF - Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
IS - 11
ER -