Chapter Seven - New emerging energy storage systems

After extensive discussion of various already known mechanical energy storage (MES) technologies in the previous chapters, this chapter gives an introduction to a number of new emerging electricity storage systems in this category. Although there are several newly introduced technologies and the number is increasing, this chapter is centered around the three most promising systems: subcooled compressed air energy storage (SCAES), which is also known as trigeneration compressed air energy storage (TCAES); high-temperature heat and power storage (HTHPS), which comes in the two forms of air-based and steam-based; and gravity energy storage (GES), which comes in a variety of designs. After introducing the technologies and reviewing their state of the art, we present the mathematical models required for analyzing these systems and discuss future perspectives.