Crystallization of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) from nanofiltration brine via membrane distillation crystallization

Membrane distillation crystallization is gaining recognition as a sustainable and cost-effective solution for treating hypersaline brine1. Brine contains nearly all elements from the periodic table, with around 9 of them being economically viable for extraction2, including magnesium. Magnesium (Mg) is one of the key cations in waste brines, valued for its industrial importance and abundant oceanic reserves, with over a million tons per cubic km. It has diverse applications, from medical treatments for cardiac issues and migraines to agricultural fertilizer3. This study explores magnesium sulphate crystallization by using MDC and separation by mimicking the nanofiltration brine sourced from seawater reverse osmosis brine.