@article{97890e2b2edd42e09d0f90547dd2be31,
title = "Curved foldable tailored fiber reinforcements for moldless customized bio-composite structures. proof of concept: Biomimetic NFRP stools",
abstract = "Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) are increasingly popular building materials, mainly because of their high strength to weight ratio. Despite these beneficial properties, these composites are often fabricated in standardized mass production. This research aims to eliminate costly molds in order to simplify the fabrication and allow for a higher degree of customization. Complex three-dimensional shapes were instead achieved by a flat reinforcement, which was resin infused and curved folded into a spatial object before hardening. Structural stability was gained through geometries with closed cross-sections. To enable this, the resource-saving additive fabrication technique of tailored fiber placement (TFP) was chosen. This method allowed for precise fibers' deposition, making a programmed anisotropic behavior of the material possible. Principles regarding the fiber placement were transferred from a biological role-model. Five functional stools were produced as demonstrators to prove the functionality and advantages of the explained system. Partially bio-based materials were applied to fabricate the stool models of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRP). A parametric design tool for the global design and fiber layout generation was developed. As a result, varieties of customized components can be produced without increasing the design and manufacturing effort.",
keywords = "Bio-composites, Curved folding, Digital fabrication, Moldless, Natural fiber-reinforced polymers, NFRP, Stiffness gradient, Tailored fiber placement",
author = "Gabriel Rihaczek and Maximilian Klammer and Okan Basnak and Jan Petr{\v s} and Benjamin Grisin and Hanaa Dahy and Stefan Carosella and Peter Middendorf",
note = "Funding Information: Funding: The project was partially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany{\textquoteright}s Excellence Strategy EXC 2120/1-390831618, Research Project (06) directed by Hanaa Dahy. Funding Information: The project was partially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy EXC 2120/1-390831618, Research Project (06) directed by Hanaa Dahy. The research was realized as part of the seminar Material Matter Lab IV (Material and Structure, winter semester 2019/2020) at the University of Stuttgart under the supervision of Hanaa Dahy and tutoring of Jan Petr? and Evgenia Spyridonos. The fabrication was conducted with the facilities and support of the Institute of Aircraft Design (IFB) at the University of Stuttgart. The biomimetic research was conducted by the authors and Kiril Bejoulev, Yousef Elshafie and Francesca Maisto (ITECH Masters Program, University of Stuttgart) as part of the seminar Architectural Biomimetics (winter semester 2019/2020), which was tutored and supervised by Axel K?rner and Jan Knippers (Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design, University of Stuttgart). The biomimetic research was further supported by Oliver Betz and Manfred Drack (Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, University of T?bingen). The flax rovings used in the prototypes were provided at the courtesy of Group Depestele, Teillage Vandecandelaere 5, rue de l'?glise, 14 540 Bourguebus, France. The resin system used in the project was provided at the courtesy of Hexion Stuttgart GmbH, Fritz-M?ller-Stra?e 114, 73730 Esslingen am Neckar, Germany. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors.",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.3390/polym12092000",
language = "English",
volume = "12",
journal = "Polymers",
issn = "2073-4360",
publisher = "M D P I AG",
number = "9",
}