Detection and Localization of FDIA on Distributed State Estimation in Two Operation Modes of Interconnected Power System

As power systems will be increasingly interconnected in the future grid, it is practically infeasible to implement a centralized state estimator owing to the complexity scale of an interconnection. To address this issue, distributed state estimation (DSE) has become an important alternative to centralized and hierarchical solutions. Implementation of distributed options require the use of information and communication technology. However, reliance on ICT renders smart grid vulnerable to cyberattacks with severe social, economic and physical consequences. One of the most widely studied attacks on the power system is false data injection attack (FDIA). In this paper a FDIA on DSE is proposed and it is proved that the attack can get through the existing robust estimators. Afterwards, a detection and localization algorithm is presented for two different ways
of doing the DSE: 1) by one operator, and 2) by several operators. Specifically, a measure based on computing the error between estimates of the state variables and their actual value is utilized. When the system is operated by an operator, this error is compared to a threshold value for different areas. Also, when the system is operated by multiple operators, a controlled information dissemination method is used to inform all areas of each other’s error in a private manner. The tests are done on the IEEE 14-bus and the results are discussed.