EMF Exposure of Human Head by Handset mmWave Phased Antenna Array

Deployment of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communications at the millimeter-wave (mmWave) part of the electromagnetic spectrum comes with concerns related to exposure of the human to electromagnetic field (EMF). The irradiation of the human body from phased antenna arrays, integrated into handsets operating at mmWave frequencies, is evaluated in terms of power density (PD). This paper presents a study on the local incident power density (IPD) on a surface made of vacuum and having the shape of the specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) head phantom. The employed array consists of four off-ground half-wavelength dipoles. Two different orientations of the mobile terminal with respect to the phantom - cheek and tilt position are studied, as the goal is to find test exclusion possibilities. According to the results, the lower exposure in the tilt position (regardless of the frequency, inter-element spacing, and array excitation) allows tests for this handset orientation to be omitted.