Enhanced anaerobic digestibility of waste activated sludge by plant-derived biosurfactant

To improve anaerobic digestibility of waste activated sludge (WAS), a novel treatment was explored by a plant-derived biosurfactant (saponin biosurfactant (SB)). SB showed positive effects on WAS hydrolysis and acidogenesis with increasing concentration, but was insignificant at dosage >0.20 g SB/g total suspended solids (TSS). Soluble protein and carbohydrate concentrations reached 2029 ± 28 and 343 ± 52 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L (0.20 g SB/g TSS, 48 h), which were 4.77-fold and 5.87-fold higher than that without treatment. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) bioproduction showed a 3.51-fold increase in 72 h. Moreover, acetic acid increased already after 2 h with SB treatment, but after 8 h in the control, indicating that SB accelerated syntrophic acetogenesis from butyric acid degradation to acetic acid. Additionally, methane production was enhanced at lower dosage (0.10 g SB/g TSS), with 63.0 and 20.3 mL/g volatile suspended solids (VSS), respectively, while it was 46.5 mL/g VSS in the control. The results obtained are in good agreement with previous ones obtained with chemosynthetic surfactants. Moreover, SB has advantages of easy production and sustainability of supply, which should promote the implementation for WAS treatment.