TY - JOUR
T1 - Fast Power Density Assessment of 5G Mobile Handset Using Equivalent Currents Method
AU - He, Wang
AU - Xu, Bo
AU - Scialacqua, Lucia
AU - Ying, Zhinong
AU - Scannavini, Alessandro
AU - Foged, Lars Jacob
AU - Zhao, Kun
AU - Paola, Carla Di
AU - Zhang, Shuai
AU - He, Sailing
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - As the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication is utilizing millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands, electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure emitted from a 5G mmWave mobile handset should be evaluated and compliant with the relevant EMF exposure limits in terms of peak spatial-average incident power density (PD). In this work, a fast PD assessment method for a 5G mmWave mobile handset using the equivalent current (EQC) method is proposed. The EQC method utilizes the intermediate-field (IF) data collected by a spherical measurement system to reconstruct the EQCs over a reconstruction surface and then computes the PD in close proximity of the mobile handset with acceptable accuracy. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using a mmWave mobile handset mock-up equipped with four quasi-Yagi antennas. The assessed PD results are compared with those computed using full-wave simulations and also those measured with a planar near-field (NF) scanning system. In addition, three influencing factors related to the accuracy of the EQC method, namely, the angular resolution, the phase error, and the handset position in the IF measurements, are also analyzed. The proposed method is a good candidate for fast PD assessment of EMF exposure compliance testing in the mmWave frequency range.
AB - As the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication is utilizing millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands, electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure emitted from a 5G mmWave mobile handset should be evaluated and compliant with the relevant EMF exposure limits in terms of peak spatial-average incident power density (PD). In this work, a fast PD assessment method for a 5G mmWave mobile handset using the equivalent current (EQC) method is proposed. The EQC method utilizes the intermediate-field (IF) data collected by a spherical measurement system to reconstruct the EQCs over a reconstruction surface and then computes the PD in close proximity of the mobile handset with acceptable accuracy. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using a mmWave mobile handset mock-up equipped with four quasi-Yagi antennas. The assessed PD results are compared with those computed using full-wave simulations and also those measured with a planar near-field (NF) scanning system. In addition, three influencing factors related to the accuracy of the EQC method, namely, the angular resolution, the phase error, and the handset position in the IF measurements, are also analyzed. The proposed method is a good candidate for fast PD assessment of EMF exposure compliance testing in the mmWave frequency range.
KW - Antenna measurement
KW - Electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure
KW - Equivalent currents (EQCs)
KW - Fifth-generation (5G)
KW - Millimeter-wave (mmWave)
KW - Power density (PD)
KW - Source reconstruction
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85104202529&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TAP.2021.3070725
DO - 10.1109/TAP.2021.3070725
M3 - Journal article
SN - 0018-926X
VL - 69
SP - 6857
EP - 6869
JO - I E E E Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
JF - I E E E Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
IS - 10
M1 - 9399279
ER -