Feasibility of synthetic fuels in renewable energy systems

The transport sector is the only sector in which there have been no significant renewable energy penetrations and it is heavily dependent on oil with rapid growth in the last decades. Moreover, it is challenging to obviate the oil dependence due to the wide variety of modes and needs in the sector. Nowadays, biofuels are proposed as one of the main options for replacing fossil fuels in the transport sector, along with electricity. The main reasons for avoiding the direct usage of biomass in the transport sector, i.e. producing biomass derived fuels, are land use shortage, limited biomass availability, interference with food supplies, and other impacts on environment and biosphere. Hence, it is essential to do a detailed analysis of the transport sector in order to match the demand and to meet the criteria of a 100% renewable energy system in 2050.