TY - JOUR
T1 - Grid-Forming Converters
T2 - Control Approaches, Grid-Synchronization, and Future Trends—A Review
AU - Rosso, Roberto
AU - Wang, Xiongfei
AU - Liserre, Marco
AU - Lu, Xiaonan
AU - Engelken, Soenke
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - In the last decade, the concept of grid-forming (GFM) converters has been introduced for microgrids and islanded power systems. Recently, the concept has been proposed for use in wider interconnected transmission networks, and several control structures have thus been developed, giving rise to discussions about the expected behaviour of such converters. In this paper, an overview of control schemes for GFM converters is provided. By identifying the main subsystems in respect to their functionalities, a generalized control structure is derived and different solutions for each of the main subsystems composing the controller are analyzed and compared. Subsequently, several selected open issues and challenges regarding GFM converters, i. e. angle stability, fault ride-through (FRT) capabilities, and transition from islanded to grid connected mode are discussed. Perspectives on challenges and future trends are lastly shared.
AB - In the last decade, the concept of grid-forming (GFM) converters has been introduced for microgrids and islanded power systems. Recently, the concept has been proposed for use in wider interconnected transmission networks, and several control structures have thus been developed, giving rise to discussions about the expected behaviour of such converters. In this paper, an overview of control schemes for GFM converters is provided. By identifying the main subsystems in respect to their functionalities, a generalized control structure is derived and different solutions for each of the main subsystems composing the controller are analyzed and compared. Subsequently, several selected open issues and challenges regarding GFM converters, i. e. angle stability, fault ride-through (FRT) capabilities, and transition from islanded to grid connected mode are discussed. Perspectives on challenges and future trends are lastly shared.
U2 - 10.1109/OJIA.2021.3074028
DO - 10.1109/OJIA.2021.3074028
M3 - Journal article
VL - 2
SP - 93
EP - 109
JO - IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications
JF - IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications
ER -