Hybrid Interval-Stochastic Optimal Operation Framework of a Multi-carrier Microgrid in the Presence of Hybrid Electric and Hydrogen-Based Vehicles Intelligent Parking Lot

As to deliver sustainable and reliable energy to demands with low emission, a multi-carrier microgrid (MCMG) structure has been proposed. Hybrid electric and hydrogen-based vehicles (HEHVs) have been introduced to facilitate decarbonized and decentralized coupled energy systems for decision-makers. So, HEHVs intelligent parking lot (IPL) integrated with MCMG is an appropriate solution. Accordingly, the considered MCMG in this chapter supplies multi-energy demands (MEDs), i.e., electrical, thermal, and cooling, via various technologies besides exchanging power and natural gas from the respective upstream grids. The uncertainty of HEHVs’ driving patterns, generation of renewable energy sources (RESs), and consumption of MEDs are modeled via the scenario-based stochastic; however, an interval-based optimization approach is taken for the market price uncertainty. Consequently, numerical results indicated the effectiveness of the introduced hybrid interval-stochastic model in which the deviation of overall operation cost is reduced up to 67.47%, while the average cost approximately is increased up to 1.87%.