Impact of early ablation of atrial fibrillation on long-term outcomes: results from phase II/III of the GLORIA-AF registry

Background: First-line ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) reduces the risk of recurrent atrial arrhythmias compared to medical therapy. However, the prognostic benefit of early AF ablation remains undetermined. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the effects of early AF ablation compared to medical therapy. Methods: Using data from phase II/III of the GLORIA-AF registry, we studied patients who were consecutively enrolled with newly diagnosed AF (< 3 months before baseline visit) and an increased risk of stroke (CHA ₂DS ₂–VASc ≥ 1). At baseline visit, 445 (1.7%) patients were treated with early AF ablation and 25,518 (98.3%) with medical therapy. Outcomes of interest were the composite outcome of all-cause death, stroke and major bleeding, and pre-specified outcomes of all-cause death, cardiovascular (CV) death, non-CV death, stroke and major bleeding. Results: A total of 25,963 patients (11733 [45.2%] females; median age 71 [IQR 64–78] years; 17424 [67.1%] taking non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants [NOACs]) were included. Over a follow-up period of 3.0 (IQR 2.3–3.1) years, after adjustment for confounders, early AF ablation was associated with a significant reduction in the composite outcome of all-cause death, stroke and major bleeding (HR 0.50 [95% CI 0.30–0.85]) and all-cause death (HR 0.45 [95% CI 0.23–0.91]). There were no statistical differences between the groups in terms of CV death, non-CV death, stroke and major bleeding. Similar results were obtained in a propensity-score matched analysis of patients with comparable baseline variables. Conclusions: Early AF ablation in a contemporary prospective cohort of AF patients who were predominantly treated with NOACs was associated with a survival advantage compared to medical therapy alone. Trial registration: Clinical trial registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01468701, NCT01671007 and NCT01937377. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] Created with BioRender.com.