Implementation of a Smart Battery Based on the Dc/Dc Boost Converter

The rapid expansion of non-dispatchable renewable energy sources (mainly solar and wind) has contributed to the increasing demand for energy storage solutions. In particular, battery energy storage systems (BESS) have stood out in this context. Allied to this scenario, the electric mobility market has employed a large volume of batteries that are discarded despite the remaining potential for use in other applications. Therefore, this paper contributes to the utilisation of second life batteries in stationary applications. This is achieved with the integration of electronic converters and batteries, a concept herein called smart battery. More specifically, this work investigates the implementation of a smart battery system based on the boost dc/dc converter. The proposal is validated through simulation results with the PLECS software and experiments. The results show similarity between simulations and experiments for one battery. The converter presented a response time between 40 and 80 ms for reference following for a voltage step of 5 V; and 50 ms for load disturbance rejection when a 39 Ω resistive load was added and then removed. Finally, simulation results for a BESS containing 19 smart batteries illustrate the operation of the battery state of charge (SOC) balancing algorithm, which operated properly considering batteries with different capacities.