Intake of dairy products and associations with major atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Marianne Uhre Jakobsen; Ellen Trolle; Malene Outzen; Heddie Mejborn; Manja G. Grønberg; Christian Bøge Lyndgaard; Anders Stockmarr; Stine K. Venø; Anette Bysted

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79708-x

Intake of dairy products and associations with major atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Marianne Uhre Jakobsen^*, Ellen Trolle, Malene Outzen, Heddie Mejborn, Manja G. Grønberg, Christian Bøge Lyndgaard, Anders Stockmarr, Stine K. Venø, Anette Bysted

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Abstract

Specific types of dairy products may be differentially associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies to summarize findings on the associations between total dairy product intake and intake of dairy product subgroups and the risk of major atherosclerotic CVDs in the general adult population. Our protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019125455). PubMed and Embase were systematically searched through 15 August 2019. For high versus low intake and dose–response meta-analysis, random-effects modelling was used to calculate summary risk ratios (RR). There were 13 cohort studies included for coronary heart disease (CHD), 7 for ischemic stroke and none for peripheral artery disease. High-fat milk was positively associated with CHD (RR 1.08 (95% confidence interval 1.00–1.16) per 200 g higher intake/day) and cheese was inversely associated with CHD (RR 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.93–0.98) per 20 g higher intake/day). Heterogeneity, however, was observed in high versus low meta-analyses. Milk was inversely associated with ischemic stroke in high versus low meta-analysis only. In conclusion, this systematic review indicates a positive association of high-fat milk and an inverse association of cheese with CHD risk. The findings should be interpreted in the context of the observed heterogeneity.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Artikelnummer	1303
Tidsskrift	Scientific Reports
Vol/bind	11
Udgave nummer	1
Antal sider	28
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79708-x
Status	Udgivet - 14 jan. 2021

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
This review was funded by the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark. The Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark has not been involved in the planning or conduct of the review. The authors declare that they have no known conflicts of interest. However, for the sake of good order, it should be mentioned that E.T., H.M., M.G.G., C.B.L., A.S. and M.U.J. have been involved in research projects funded by the industry (for example the Danish Dairy Research Foundation). Furthermore, M.U.J. has given talks on the topic of the review at workshops and seminars paid by the organisers.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).

Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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10.1038/s41598-020-79708-xLicens: CC BY 4.0

Jakobsen et al (2021) Intake of dairy products and associations with major atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseasesForlagets udgivne version, 3,25 MBLicens: CC BY 4.0

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Jakobsen, M. U., Trolle, E., Outzen, M., Mejborn, H., Grønberg, M. G., Lyndgaard, C. B., Stockmarr, A., Venø, S. K., & Bysted, A. (2021). Intake of dairy products and associations with major atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Scientific Reports, 11(1), Artikel 1303. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79708-x

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abstract = "Specific types of dairy products may be differentially associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies to summarize findings on the associations between total dairy product intake and intake of dairy product subgroups and the risk of major atherosclerotic CVDs in the general adult population. Our protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019125455). PubMed and Embase were systematically searched through 15 August 2019. For high versus low intake and dose–response meta-analysis, random-effects modelling was used to calculate summary risk ratios (RR). There were 13 cohort studies included for coronary heart disease (CHD), 7 for ischemic stroke and none for peripheral artery disease. High-fat milk was positively associated with CHD (RR 1.08 (95% confidence interval 1.00–1.16) per 200 g higher intake/day) and cheese was inversely associated with CHD (RR 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.93–0.98) per 20 g higher intake/day). Heterogeneity, however, was observed in high versus low meta-analyses. Milk was inversely associated with ischemic stroke in high versus low meta-analysis only. In conclusion, this systematic review indicates a positive association of high-fat milk and an inverse association of cheese with CHD risk. The findings should be interpreted in the context of the observed heterogeneity.",

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note = "Funding Information: This review was funded by the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark. The Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark has not been involved in the planning or conduct of the review. The authors declare that they have no known conflicts of interest. However, for the sake of good order, it should be mentioned that E.T., H.M., M.G.G., C.B.L., A.S. and M.U.J. have been involved in research projects funded by the industry (for example the Danish Dairy Research Foundation). Furthermore, M.U.J. has given talks on the topic of the review at workshops and seminars paid by the organisers. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

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AU - Mejborn, Heddie

AU - Grønberg, Manja G.

AU - Lyndgaard, Christian Bøge

AU - Stockmarr, Anders

AU - Venø, Stine K.

AU - Bysted, Anette

N1 - Funding Information: This review was funded by the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark. The Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark has not been involved in the planning or conduct of the review. The authors declare that they have no known conflicts of interest. However, for the sake of good order, it should be mentioned that E.T., H.M., M.G.G., C.B.L., A.S. and M.U.J. have been involved in research projects funded by the industry (for example the Danish Dairy Research Foundation). Furthermore, M.U.J. has given talks on the topic of the review at workshops and seminars paid by the organisers. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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N2 - Specific types of dairy products may be differentially associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies to summarize findings on the associations between total dairy product intake and intake of dairy product subgroups and the risk of major atherosclerotic CVDs in the general adult population. Our protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019125455). PubMed and Embase were systematically searched through 15 August 2019. For high versus low intake and dose–response meta-analysis, random-effects modelling was used to calculate summary risk ratios (RR). There were 13 cohort studies included for coronary heart disease (CHD), 7 for ischemic stroke and none for peripheral artery disease. High-fat milk was positively associated with CHD (RR 1.08 (95% confidence interval 1.00–1.16) per 200 g higher intake/day) and cheese was inversely associated with CHD (RR 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.93–0.98) per 20 g higher intake/day). Heterogeneity, however, was observed in high versus low meta-analyses. Milk was inversely associated with ischemic stroke in high versus low meta-analysis only. In conclusion, this systematic review indicates a positive association of high-fat milk and an inverse association of cheese with CHD risk. The findings should be interpreted in the context of the observed heterogeneity.

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Intake of dairy products and associations with major atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Abstract

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