Integrating physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and psychologists in the management of chronic and complex musculoskeletal pain in the municipality – a workshop study

Background Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is a major societal burden, costing up to 2 % of the EU's gross national product. Complex cases often involve comorbidities, increasing treatment challenges. Integrating physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and psychological support in primary care may improve patient outcomes. Aalborg Municipality, Denmark, is exploring interdisciplinary care models to enhance treatment for chronic MSK pain. Aim This study investigates physiotherapists', occupational therapists', and psychologists' perspectives on i) current management of chronic and complex MSK pain, ii) elements of ideal care, and iii) strategies for implementation. Method Using an action research approach, we conducted two workshops with 30 healthcare professionals. WS1 employed a future workshop design to explore solutions, while WS2 used an adapted affinity diagram to define patient characteristics. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Three main themes emerged: 1) Navigating a State of Limbo: Challenges Faced by Patients with Chronic MSK Pain, including difficulties in navigating treatment, emotional distress, and social relationships; 2) Navigating Healthcare: Receiving and Providing in a Frustrating System, highlighting systemic frustrations and limitations in care coordination; and 3) Optimizing Patient Care Pathways: Strategies for Enhanced Engagement, Integration and Collaboration, emphasizing improved collaboration, patient engagement, and support for transitions in care. Conclusion Findings highlight the importance of a person-centered, interdisciplinary approach to managing chronic MSK pain. Key strategies include early interventions, patient empowerment, and enhanced communication among professionals. Implementing a biopsychosocial model within healthcare systems is essential for improving patient outcomes and addressing complex needs.