TY - JOUR
T1 - Life Cycle Cost Analysis of a Multi-Storey Residential Net Zero Energy Building in Denmark
AU - Marszal, Anna Joanna
AU - Heiselberg, Per
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - It is well recognized that in the long run, the implementation of energy efficiency measures is a more cost-optimal solution in contrast to taking no action. However, the Net ZEB concept raises a new issue: how far should we go with energy efficiency measures and when should we start to apply renewable energy technologies? This analysis adopts the LCC methodology and uses a multi-family Net ZEB to find the answer to this question. Moreover, it looks at the issue from the building owner’s perspective, hence it should be seen as a private economy analysis. The study includes three levels of energy demand and three alternatives of energy supply systems: (1) photovoltaic installation with photovoltaic/solar thermal collectors and an ambient air/solar source heat pump; (2) photovoltaic installation with a ground-source heat pump; (3) photovoltaic installation with district heating grid. The results indicate that in order to build a cost-effective Net ZEB, the energy use should be reduced to a minimum leaving just a small amount of left energy use to be covered by renewable energy generation. Moreover, from the user perspective in the Danish context, the district heating grid is a more expensive source of heat than a heat pump for the Net ZEB.
AB - It is well recognized that in the long run, the implementation of energy efficiency measures is a more cost-optimal solution in contrast to taking no action. However, the Net ZEB concept raises a new issue: how far should we go with energy efficiency measures and when should we start to apply renewable energy technologies? This analysis adopts the LCC methodology and uses a multi-family Net ZEB to find the answer to this question. Moreover, it looks at the issue from the building owner’s perspective, hence it should be seen as a private economy analysis. The study includes three levels of energy demand and three alternatives of energy supply systems: (1) photovoltaic installation with photovoltaic/solar thermal collectors and an ambient air/solar source heat pump; (2) photovoltaic installation with a ground-source heat pump; (3) photovoltaic installation with district heating grid. The results indicate that in order to build a cost-effective Net ZEB, the energy use should be reduced to a minimum leaving just a small amount of left energy use to be covered by renewable energy generation. Moreover, from the user perspective in the Danish context, the district heating grid is a more expensive source of heat than a heat pump for the Net ZEB.
KW - Zero Energy Buildings
KW - Net Zero Energy Buildings
KW - Life Cycle Cost (LCC) Analysis
KW - Private Economy Analysis
KW - Residential Buildings
KW - Distict Heating
KW - Zero Energy Buildings
KW - Net Zero Energy Buildings
KW - Life Cycle Cost (LCC) Analysis
KW - Private Economy Analysis
KW - Residential Buildings
KW - District Heating
U2 - 10.1016/j.energy.2011.07.010
DO - 10.1016/j.energy.2011.07.010
M3 - Journal article
SN - 0360-5442
VL - 36
SP - 5600
EP - 5609
JO - Energy
JF - Energy
IS - 9
ER -