TY - JOUR
T1 - Radio frequency exposure compliance of multiple antennas for cellular equipment based on semidefinite relaxation
AU - Xu, Bo
AU - Gustafsson, Mats
AU - Shi, Shuai
AU - Zhao, Kun
AU - Ying, Zhinong
AU - He, Sailing
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received December 9, 2017; revised March 30, 2018; accepted April 27, 2018. Date of publication May 31, 2018; date of current version January 20, 2019. This work was supported in part by Swedish VR, in part by AOARD, in part by Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities, in part by grants from the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research for the projects titled Optimal integrated antennas and Complex analysis and convex optimization for EM design, and in part by China Scholarship Council under Grant 201506320137. (Corresponding author: Sailing He.) B. Xu was with the Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. He is now with the Department of Electromagnetic Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and also with Ericsson Research, Ericsson, AB SE-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden (e-mail:, bo.xu@ericsson.com).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 IEEE.
PY - 2019/4
Y1 - 2019/4
N2 - Human exposure to radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields should not exceed the exposure limits set by the relevant regulatory guidelines. In this paper, we provide approaches to determine upper bounds of maximum exposure from multiple antennas. When the total transmitted power is fixed, the maximum exposure can be determined by an eigenvalue decomposition. If an individual antenna has additional power constraint, the exposure maximization problem can be relaxed to a semidefinite program. Two case studies are given to demonstrate the approaches to the maximum exposure of cellular equipment using multiple antennas. The methods and the obtained results provide valuable insights into RF compliance procedures of cellular equipment.
AB - Human exposure to radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields should not exceed the exposure limits set by the relevant regulatory guidelines. In this paper, we provide approaches to determine upper bounds of maximum exposure from multiple antennas. When the total transmitted power is fixed, the maximum exposure can be determined by an eigenvalue decomposition. If an individual antenna has additional power constraint, the exposure maximization problem can be relaxed to a semidefinite program. Two case studies are given to demonstrate the approaches to the maximum exposure of cellular equipment using multiple antennas. The methods and the obtained results provide valuable insights into RF compliance procedures of cellular equipment.
KW - 5G
KW - cellular equipment
KW - eigenvalue decomposition (EVD)
KW - multi-input and multi-output (MIMO)
KW - multiple antennas
KW - power density
KW - radio frequency (RF) exposure
KW - semidefinite relaxation (SDR)
KW - specific absorption rate (SAR)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85047999601&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TEMC.2018.2832445
DO - 10.1109/TEMC.2018.2832445
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85047999601
VL - 61
SP - 327
EP - 336
JO - I E E E Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
JF - I E E E Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
SN - 0018-9375
IS - 2
M1 - 8370684
ER -