Reconfigurable Phased Array 5G Smartphone Antenna for Cognitive Cellular Networks

This paper proposes the design of a new reconfigurable dipole antenna array for cognitive 5G cellular networks. The single-element of the design contains a dipole radiator along with a pair of spiral resonators (SRs) at both sides of the substrate. The reconfigurability characteristic of the antenna is achieved by employing two active elements (PIN diodes) connecting the tips of the dipole arms and the spiral resonators. In the simulations, the rectangular copper sheets are excluded to approximate the cases with a turned on and off switch. The frequency response of the antenna can be switched to operate at 18 and 32.5 GHz while maintaining the main resonance at 25 GHz. In addition, the radiated beam directions can be reconfigured to broadside and end-fire modes. Using the proposed design, radiation properties of a smartphone antenna with a $1\times 8$ linear dipole array have been investigated and satisfactory results have been achieved. The obtained results show that the proposed reconfigurable dipole antenna array fulfills the general requirements in cognitive cellular networks.