Reliability analysis of battery energy storage system for various stationary applications

This paper provides a comparative study of the battery energy storage system (BESS) reliability considering the wear-out and random failure mechanisms in the power electronic converter long with the calendar and cycling aging of the batteries. Three typical stationary applications were considered: frequency containment reserve (FCR), increased self-consumption (ISC) in the case of residential photovoltaic (PV) applications, and peak shaving (PS) in the industrial sector. The mission profile of these applications (e.g., the BESS state-of-charge (SOC) and power) is much different, resulting in the different distribution in the accumulated damage of power electronics components. The random failure analysis based on the MIL-HDBK-217 and wear-out failure rates is carried out for the component and converter levels in each operating regime using the mathematical models. The analysis results revealed that the most prone component in the BESS converter is the dc-link capacitor, where the B₁₀ lifetime of the BESS converter is 24, 13, and 15 years for the FCR, ISC, and PS applications, respectively. Moreover, the results show that the capacity fading in the PS applications is much higher than that of the FCR and ISC. In contrast, the capacity fading due to the cycling effect in both the FCR and ISC is dominant.