Seasons in Drift: A Long-Term Thermal Imaging Dataset for Studying Concept Drift

The time dimension of datasets and long-term performance of machine learning models have received little attention.
With extended deployments in the wild, models are bound to encounter novel scenarios and concept drift that cannot be accounted for during development and training.
In order for long-term patterns and cycles to appear in datasets, the datasets must cover long periods of time. Since this is rarely the case, it is difficult to explore how computer vision algorithms cope with changes in data distribution occurring across long-term cycles such as seasons.
Video surveillance is an application area clearly affected by concept drift. For this reason we publish the Long-term Thermal Drift (LTD) dataset. LTD consists of thermal surveillance imaging from a single location across 8 months. Along with thermal images we provide relevant metadata such as weather, the day/night cycle and scene activity.
In this paper we use the metadata for in-depth analysis of the causal and correlational relationships between environmental variables and the performance of selected computer vision algorithms used for anomaly and object detection.
Long-term performance is shown to be most correlated with temperature, humidity, the day/night cycle and scene activity level. This suggests that the coverage of these variables should be prioritised when building datasets for similar applications.
As a baseline, we propose to mitigate the impact of concept drift by first detecting points in time where drift occurs. At this point we collect additional data that is used to retraining the models. This improves later performance by an average of 25% across all tested algorithms.