Spatial Distribution of the Baltic Sea Near-Shore Wave Power Potential along the Coast of Klaipėda, Lithuania

Wave power is an abundant source of energy that can be utilized to produce electricity. Therefore, assessments of wave power resources are being carried out worldwide. An overview of the recent assessments is presented in this paper, revealing the global distribution of these resources. Additionally, a study, which aims to assess the spatial distribution of the Baltic Sea near-shore wave power potential along the coast of Klaip˙eda (Lithuania), is introduced in this paper. The impacts of the wave propagation direction and decreasing depth on wave power resources were examined using the numerical wind-wave model MIKE 21 NSW. The wave height loss of the design waves propagating to shore was modelled, and the wave power fluxes in the studied depths were calculated using the JONSWAP wave spectrum modified for the Baltic Sea. The results revealed that all waves that propagate to the shore in the Baltic Sea near-shore area along the coast of Klaip˙eda from 30 m depth to 5 m depth lose at least 30% of their power. Still, most common waves in this area are low, and therefore, they start to lose their power while propagating to the shore at relatively low (10–14 m) depths. To turn this into an advantage the wave power converter would have to work efficiently under low power conditions.