The Efficacy of Head-Mounted-Display Virtual Reality Intervention to Improve Life Skills of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

Abstract: Challenges in life skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with dependency on others and increased isolation from peers. In recent years, interventions using virtual reality (VR) technology have been proposed to improve life skills in ASD populations. This systematic review seeks to evaluate the efficacy of employing VR interventions mediated via head-mounted displays (HMD) for the improvement of life skills in individuals with ASD. Several databases were searched and a narrative synthesis was conducted to examine the findings of the included studies. Eight studies including a total of 58 participants were deemed relevant for this systematic review. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed via the use of critical appraisal tools. Results were generally positive, with one study reporting statistically significant results, and one study not reporting any change in abilities. The remaining six studies reported varying degrees of life skill improvement. The studies were characterized by methodological issues, such as very low sample sizes. The findings of this systematic review indicate some potential for HMD VR interventions in the improvement of life skills in individuals with ASD. However, this review also highlights the current lack of methodologically strong study designs, which prohibits any firm conclusions. Findings are discussed regarding methodological recommendations for further research as well as practical implications for life skills interventions for individuals with ASD.