The Future 5G Network-Based Secondary Load Frequency Control in Shipboard Microgrids

This paper presents the applicability of the future fifth-generation network technology for a marine vessel power system with sea wave energy, photovoltaic, and energy storage systems. In this paper, a new optimal structured interval type-2 fractional order fuzzy proportional derivative/fuzzy proportional integral controller is proposed for the secondary load frequency control (LFC) of a networked shipboard multimicrogrid. The effect of the various degradation factors associated with the communication infrastructure such as the time delay and packet loss is modeled and addressed to assess the system performance in the networked control system (NCS) operation. The parameters embedded in the established structure are decisive factors, which significantly affect the quality of control output actions. Accordingly, by employing the concepts of the black-hole optimization algorithm and Lévy flight, an enhanced JAYA algorithm is proposed to adjust the setting of the established structured controller. Finally, comprehensive studies and hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulations are conducted to appraise the acceptability of the suggested controller for a secondary LFC problem in the face of the uncertain NCS.