The role of service providers in 3D printing adoption

Purpose - 1) to identify challenges faced by industrial firms at different phases of adoption of 3D printing 2) outline how 3D printing service providers can help address these challenges.
Methodology - Separate interview questionnaires for 3D printing users and 3D printing service providers, were used to conduct semi-structured interviews.
Findings - The key 3D printing adoption challenges are: creating a business case, difficulty in using different materials, optimising the process for specific parts, lack of ‘plug and play’ solutions offered by equipment manufacturers, limited availability of training and educational support, poor end product quality, machine breakdowns and high cost of maintenance and spare components. Using the theoretical lens of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), results show lack of ease of use and technological turbulence impact companies’ decisions to adopt 3D printing. 3D printing service providers can indeed attempt to alleviate the above challenges faced by customers through providing multiple 3D printing services across different stages of adoption.
Research implications - Future research should examine the role of 3D printing equipment manufacturers and design and modeling software solutions providers in improving adoption and how 3D printing equipment manufacturers could develop into more integrated service providers as the technology advances.
Practical implications - Service providers can help customers transition to 3D Printing and should develop a portfolio of services that fits different phases of adoption.
Originality/value - The paper outlines how 3D printing service providers can help address customer challenges in adoption of 3D printing across different stages of adoption.