The role of time and space in the identification of left behind regions: a case study of Denmark

This paper provides an overview of the state of identification of left behind regions and proposes a new methodology for identifying them. Despite increased interest in rising regional inequality, the identification of left behind regions differs greatly, complicating policymaking aimed at addressing these regional challenges. Based on the substantial literature that has emerged in recent years on left behind regions, the paper argues for the importance of both time and space as key elements when identifying left behind regions. This paper applies the proposed identification method to Denmark; it uses longitudinal data from 1980 to 2018 and includes the current wave of interregional inequality and typically adopted variables for identifying left behind regions across the literature.