TY - JOUR
T1 - The status of 4th generation district heating
T2 - Research and results
AU - Lund, Henrik
AU - Østergaard, Poul Alberg
AU - Chang, Miguel
AU - Werner, Sven
AU - Svendsen, Svend
AU - Sorknæs, Peter
AU - Thorsen, Jan Eric
AU - Hvelplund, Frede
AU - Mortensen, Bent Ole Gram
AU - Mathiesen, Brian Vad
AU - Bojesen, Carsten
AU - Duic, Neven
AU - Zhang, Xiliang
AU - Möller, Bernd
PY - 2018/12/1
Y1 - 2018/12/1
N2 - This review article presents a description of contemporary developments and findings related to the different elements needed in future 4th generation district heating systems (4GDH). Unlike the first three generations of district heating, the development of 4GDH involves meeting the challenge of more energy efficient buildings as well as the integration of district heating into a future smart energy system based on renewable energy sources. Following a review of recent 4GDH research, the article quantifies the costs and benefits of 4GDH in future sustainable energy systems. Costs involve an upgrade of heating systems and of the operation of the distribution grids, while benefits are lower grid losses, a better utilization of low-temperature heat sources and improved efficiency in the production compared to previous district heating systems. It is quantified how benefits exceed costs by a safe margin with the benefits of systems integration being the most important.
AB - This review article presents a description of contemporary developments and findings related to the different elements needed in future 4th generation district heating systems (4GDH). Unlike the first three generations of district heating, the development of 4GDH involves meeting the challenge of more energy efficient buildings as well as the integration of district heating into a future smart energy system based on renewable energy sources. Following a review of recent 4GDH research, the article quantifies the costs and benefits of 4GDH in future sustainable energy systems. Costs involve an upgrade of heating systems and of the operation of the distribution grids, while benefits are lower grid losses, a better utilization of low-temperature heat sources and improved efficiency in the production compared to previous district heating systems. It is quantified how benefits exceed costs by a safe margin with the benefits of systems integration being the most important.
KW - 4 generation district heating
KW - 4GDH
KW - Low-temperature district heating
KW - Meta conclusions
KW - Smart energy systems
KW - Smart thermal grids
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85053436797&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.206
DO - 10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.206
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85053436797
SN - 0360-5442
VL - 164
SP - 147
EP - 159
JO - Energy
JF - Energy
ER -