Two-Stage Stochastic Market Clearing of Energy and Reserve in the Presence of Coupled Fuel Cell-Based Hydrogen Storage System with Renewable Resources

The enhancing influence level of renewable energy sources (RESs), particularly wind energy sources (WESs), leads to technical challenges in power system operation procedures, such as changing the traditional operation scheduling. Due to maintaining the power balance among generation and utilization, the outstanding facility to tackle the intermittency essence of WES is a fuel cell-based hydrogen storage system (HSS). Furthermore, providing more operational flexibility has been obtained from taking into account both energy and reserve markets. For this purpose, the current chapter presents a two-stage stochastic network-constrained market-clearing approach with the integration of fuel cell-based HSS and WES to obtain optimal scheduling of conventional units and provide energy and reserve services. The introduced structure is applied to a six-bus system to specify the applicability and implementation of the model. Numerical results denoted that the integrated fuel cell-based HSS and WES decrease the whole operating expenditure, load shedding, and wind power curtailment.