TY - JOUR
T1 - Update on management of hypokalaemia and goals for the lower potassium level in patients with cardiovascular disease
T2 - A review in collaboration with the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy
AU - Krogager, Maria Lukács
AU - Kragholm, Kristian
AU - Thomassen, Jesper Qvist
AU - Søgaard, Peter
AU - Lewis, Basil S
AU - Wassmann, Sven
AU - Baumgartner, Iris
AU - Ceconi, Claudio
AU - Schmidt, Thomas Andersen
AU - Kaski, Juan Carlos
AU - Drexel, Heinz
AU - Semb, Anne Grete
AU - Agewall, Stefan
AU - Niessner, Alexander
AU - Savarese, Gianluigi
AU - Kjeldsen, Keld Per
AU - Borghi, Claudio
AU - Tamargo, Juan
AU - Torp-Pedersen, Christian
N1 - Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2021. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
PY - 2021/11/3
Y1 - 2021/11/3
N2 - Hypokalaemia is common in patients with cardiovascular disease. In this review, we emphasize the importance of tight potassium regulation in patients with cardiovascular disease based on findings from observational studies. To enhance the understanding, we also describe the mechanisms of potassium homeostasis maintenance, the most common causes of hypokalaemia and present strategies for monitoring and management of low potassium levels. We propose elevation of potassium in asymptomatic patients with lower normal concentrations and concurrent cardiovascular disease. These proposals are intended to assist clinicians until more evidence is available.
AB - Hypokalaemia is common in patients with cardiovascular disease. In this review, we emphasize the importance of tight potassium regulation in patients with cardiovascular disease based on findings from observational studies. To enhance the understanding, we also describe the mechanisms of potassium homeostasis maintenance, the most common causes of hypokalaemia and present strategies for monitoring and management of low potassium levels. We propose elevation of potassium in asymptomatic patients with lower normal concentrations and concurrent cardiovascular disease. These proposals are intended to assist clinicians until more evidence is available.
KW - Borderline hypokalaemia
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Low normal potassium
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85120612011&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvab038
DO - 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvab038
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33956964
SN - 2055-6837
VL - 7
SP - 557
EP - 567
JO - European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy
JF - European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy
IS - 6
ER -