TY - JOUR
T1 - Upgrading the Nutritional Value of PKC Using a Bacillus subtilis Derived Monocomponent β-Mannanase
AU - Gomez-Osorio, Luis-Miguel
AU - Nielsen, Janni Ulnits
AU - Martens, Helle Jakobe
AU - Wimmer, Reinhard
PY - 2022/1/17
Y1 - 2022/1/17
N2 - Palm kernel cake (PKC) is an abundant side stream that can only be added to non-ruminant feed in small concentrations due to its content of antinutritional factors, mainly galactomannan, which cannot be digested by non-ruminants. β-mannanases can be added to partially hydrolyze galactomannan to form mannose oligosaccharides, which are known to be prebiotic. We here investigate the action of a β-mannanase from B. subtilis on PKC by colorimetry, NMR and fluorescence microscopy. The amount of mannan oligosaccharides in solution was significantly increased by the β-mannanase and their degree of polymerization (DP) was significantly reduced. There was a dose-response behavior in that larger β-mannanase concentrations increased the amount of soluble mannose oligosaccharides while reducing their average DP. Using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, solubilization of galactomannan in PKC was clearly visualized. Images show a clear disruption of the cellulose and galactomannan structures of the PKC cell walls. We thus show in this study that using commercial dosages of β-mannanase on PKC can lead to formation of prebiotic compounds. Thus, this study suggests that utilization of PKC in poultry feed formulation might be increased by addition of a β-mannanase and would improve the return on investment.
AB - Palm kernel cake (PKC) is an abundant side stream that can only be added to non-ruminant feed in small concentrations due to its content of antinutritional factors, mainly galactomannan, which cannot be digested by non-ruminants. β-mannanases can be added to partially hydrolyze galactomannan to form mannose oligosaccharides, which are known to be prebiotic. We here investigate the action of a β-mannanase from B. subtilis on PKC by colorimetry, NMR and fluorescence microscopy. The amount of mannan oligosaccharides in solution was significantly increased by the β-mannanase and their degree of polymerization (DP) was significantly reduced. There was a dose-response behavior in that larger β-mannanase concentrations increased the amount of soluble mannose oligosaccharides while reducing their average DP. Using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, solubilization of galactomannan in PKC was clearly visualized. Images show a clear disruption of the cellulose and galactomannan structures of the PKC cell walls. We thus show in this study that using commercial dosages of β-mannanase on PKC can lead to formation of prebiotic compounds. Thus, this study suggests that utilization of PKC in poultry feed formulation might be increased by addition of a β-mannanase and would improve the return on investment.
KW - Cage effect
KW - Mannan
KW - Mannan oligosaccharides
KW - Non-starch polysaccharides
KW - Palm kernel
KW - Prebiotic
KW - β-mannanase
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85122975109&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/molecules27020563
DO - 10.3390/molecules27020563
M3 - Journal article
SN - 1420-3049
VL - 27
JO - Molecules
JF - Molecules
IS - 2
M1 - 563
ER -