A comprehensive review on optimization challenges of smart energy hubs under uncertainty factors

With economic development in the world and growing energy demand, the concept of sustainable energy has received more attention from energy planners in different energy sectors. To achieve sustainable energy development (SED), appropriate utilization of all types of sustainable energy resources is vital. One further requirement for this is the integration of various energy systems in the framework of a multi-energy system where all energy system elements have the possibility of synergy with others for minimizing losses and maximizing the utilization of any availabilities. Further requirements for such a highly yet wisely integrated energy system (IES) have recently been specified in the context of smart energy systems (SESs). Smart energy hub (SEH) is introduced as a novel concept that provides a distinguished framework to model SESs. The main challenge for the modeling of SEH is finding the optimal design/sizing and operation strategy of the system components based on the uncertainty of renewable sources, demands, energy market spot prices, etc. Uncertainty modeling assists in reaching a realistic optimal approach in the decision-making process and thus is a promising line of future research in the modeling of SEH. The main aim of this work is to classify and evaluate the existing methods to employ uncertainty in the design, operation, and planning of SEH to reach a better understanding of future challenges in this way.