Acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. The course of the disease in 315 patients from one region, during a ten-year period

In a ten-year retrospective singlecenter study of a nonselected patient population, we describe our experience with an unchanged chemotherapy regimen for 264 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 51 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In the AML group, 85 patients could not receive specific antileukemic treatment because of uncontrollable bleeding, infection or organ failure, but 179 were fit for remission-induction therapy with cytarabine and daunorubicin, resulting in complete remission in 79 patients. During treatment, 54 patients died of resistant disease or complications. The median duration of survival of the patients in complete remission was 18-24 months (n = 79) compared with 1-2 months for patients in partial or no remission (n = 100). As maintenance chemotherapy, thioguanine, cytarabine and daunorubicin were given for one year. In the ALL group 50 of 51 patients received remission-induction therapy with vincristine, prednisone and Adriablastin, resulting in complete remission in 39 of the patients. The median duration of survival of the patients in complete remission was nine months (n = 39) compared with 2-3 months for patients not in remission (n = 12). Central nervous system prophylaxis with intraspinal methotrexate and cranial irradiation was given, followed by methotrexate and Purinetol for three years as maintenance chemotherapy. The remission rate for AML and adult ALL was 44% and 78%, respectively. The major Cause of death after first complete remission was leukemic relapse in boths groups, with a median survival time after relapse of 3-4 months for 48 AML and six months for 30 ALL patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)