Association between diabetes and heart failure after coronary artery bypass grafting: Danish register-based cohort study

Benedicte Bay Oxholm Brodersen; Line Tribler Kristiansen; Sidsel le Fevre Karlsen; Jeppe Hauch; Jan Jesper Andreasen; Kristian H. Kragholm; Maria Lukács Krogager; Lars Valeur Køber; Peter Christian Leutscher; Dorte Melgaard; Nisha I. Parikh; Morten Schou; Peter Søgaard; Christian Torp-Pedersen; Marc Meller Søndergaard

doi:10.1007/s00392-025-02594-8

Association between diabetes and heart failure after coronary artery bypass grafting: Danish register-based cohort study

Benedicte Bay Oxholm Brodersen, Line Tribler Kristiansen, Sidsel le Fevre Karlsen, Jeppe Hauch, Jan Jesper Andreasen, Kristian H. Kragholm, Maria Lukács Krogager, Lars Valeur Køber, Peter Christian Leutscher, Dorte Melgaard, Nisha I. Parikh, Morten Schou, Peter Søgaard, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Marc Meller Søndergaard^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Abstract

Background
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of mortality in the world with an increasing incidence. One of the interventions to treat IHD is coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and people with diabetes mellitus (DM) account for approximately one quarter of all patients who undergo coronary revascularization. Furthermore, people with DM have a higher risk of mortality due to heart failure (HF).

Objective
We aim to describe the risk of developing HF after CABG in patients with versus without DM.

Methods
Through a large nationwide register-based cohort study, patients who underwent CABG from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2020 were included. In addition to Cox regression, g-formula methods based on multivariable Cox regression were performed to estimate the absolute risk (AR) and risk difference (RD) of the association between DM status and HF outcome, and between DM status and mortality.

Results
A total of 34,855 patients were included in this study, consisting of 6909 (19.8%) DM patients. The AR of HF after CABG in the 10th year was 35.1% versus 26.4% for patients with versus without DM (p < 0.001), respectively. The RD of HF for each exceeding year (3.7 percentage point (pp.) in the 1st year versus 8.6 pp. in the 10th year) was higher for patients with DM compared to those without DM.

Conclusion
The risk of HF was significantly higher up to ten years after CABG in patients with DM compared to those without DM.

Original language	English
Journal	Clinical Research in Cardiology
Number of pages	11
ISSN	1861-0692
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-025-02594-8
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 2025

Keywords

Coronary artery bypass grafting
Diabetes mellitus
Heart failure
Mortality

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Brodersen, B. B. O., Kristiansen, L. T., le Fevre Karlsen, S., Hauch, J., Andreasen, J. J., Kragholm, K. H., Krogager, M. L., Køber, L. V., Leutscher, P. C., Melgaard, D., Parikh, N. I., Schou, M., Søgaard, P., Torp-Pedersen, C., & Søndergaard, M. M. (2025). Association between diabetes and heart failure after coronary artery bypass grafting: Danish register-based cohort study. Clinical Research in Cardiology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-025-02594-8

@article{e1a51318a46e459d85857f80c29fb2fc,

title = "Association between diabetes and heart failure after coronary artery bypass grafting: Danish register-based cohort study",

abstract = "BackgroundIschemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of mortality in the world with an increasing incidence. One of the interventions to treat IHD is coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and people with diabetes mellitus (DM) account for approximately one quarter of all patients who undergo coronary revascularization. Furthermore, people with DM have a higher risk of mortality due to heart failure (HF).ObjectiveWe aim to describe the risk of developing HF after CABG in patients with versus without DM.MethodsThrough a large nationwide register-based cohort study, patients who underwent CABG from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2020 were included. In addition to Cox regression, g-formula methods based on multivariable Cox regression were performed to estimate the absolute risk (AR) and risk difference (RD) of the association between DM status and HF outcome, and between DM status and mortality.ResultsA total of 34,855 patients were included in this study, consisting of 6909 (19.8%) DM patients. The AR of HF after CABG in the 10th year was 35.1% versus 26.4% for patients with versus without DM (p < 0.001), respectively. The RD of HF for each exceeding year (3.7 percentage point (pp.) in the 1st year versus 8.6 pp. in the 10th year) was higher for patients with DM compared to those without DM.ConclusionThe risk of HF was significantly higher up to ten years after CABG in patients with DM compared to those without DM.",

keywords = "Coronary artery bypass grafting, Diabetes mellitus, Heart failure, Mortality",

author = "Brodersen, {Benedicte Bay Oxholm} and Kristiansen, {Line Tribler} and {le Fevre Karlsen}, Sidsel and Jeppe Hauch and Andreasen, {Jan Jesper} and Kragholm, {Kristian H.} and Krogager, {Maria Luk{\'a}cs} and K{\o}ber, {Lars Valeur} and Leutscher, {Peter Christian} and Dorte Melgaard and Parikh, {Nisha I.} and Morten Schou and Peter S{\o}gaard and Christian Torp-Pedersen and S{\o}ndergaard, {Marc Meller}",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1007/s00392-025-02594-8",

language = "English",

journal = "Clinical Research in Cardiology",

issn = "1861-0692",

publisher = "Taylor & Francis",

}

Brodersen, BBO, Kristiansen, LT, le Fevre Karlsen, S, Hauch, J, Andreasen, JJ , Kragholm, KH , Krogager, ML, Køber, LV, Leutscher, PC , Melgaard, D, Parikh, NI, Schou, M, Søgaard, P , Torp-Pedersen, C & Søndergaard, MM 2025, 'Association between diabetes and heart failure after coronary artery bypass grafting: Danish register-based cohort study', Clinical Research in Cardiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-025-02594-8

TY - JOUR

T1 - Association between diabetes and heart failure after coronary artery bypass grafting: Danish register-based cohort study

AU - Brodersen, Benedicte Bay Oxholm

AU - Kristiansen, Line Tribler

AU - le Fevre Karlsen, Sidsel

AU - Hauch, Jeppe

AU - Andreasen, Jan Jesper

AU - Kragholm, Kristian H.

AU - Krogager, Maria Lukács

AU - Køber, Lars Valeur

AU - Leutscher, Peter Christian

AU - Melgaard, Dorte

AU - Parikh, Nisha I.

AU - Schou, Morten

AU - Søgaard, Peter

AU - Torp-Pedersen, Christian

AU - Søndergaard, Marc Meller

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - BackgroundIschemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of mortality in the world with an increasing incidence. One of the interventions to treat IHD is coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and people with diabetes mellitus (DM) account for approximately one quarter of all patients who undergo coronary revascularization. Furthermore, people with DM have a higher risk of mortality due to heart failure (HF).ObjectiveWe aim to describe the risk of developing HF after CABG in patients with versus without DM.MethodsThrough a large nationwide register-based cohort study, patients who underwent CABG from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2020 were included. In addition to Cox regression, g-formula methods based on multivariable Cox regression were performed to estimate the absolute risk (AR) and risk difference (RD) of the association between DM status and HF outcome, and between DM status and mortality.ResultsA total of 34,855 patients were included in this study, consisting of 6909 (19.8%) DM patients. The AR of HF after CABG in the 10th year was 35.1% versus 26.4% for patients with versus without DM (p < 0.001), respectively. The RD of HF for each exceeding year (3.7 percentage point (pp.) in the 1st year versus 8.6 pp. in the 10th year) was higher for patients with DM compared to those without DM.ConclusionThe risk of HF was significantly higher up to ten years after CABG in patients with DM compared to those without DM.

AB - BackgroundIschemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of mortality in the world with an increasing incidence. One of the interventions to treat IHD is coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and people with diabetes mellitus (DM) account for approximately one quarter of all patients who undergo coronary revascularization. Furthermore, people with DM have a higher risk of mortality due to heart failure (HF).ObjectiveWe aim to describe the risk of developing HF after CABG in patients with versus without DM.MethodsThrough a large nationwide register-based cohort study, patients who underwent CABG from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2020 were included. In addition to Cox regression, g-formula methods based on multivariable Cox regression were performed to estimate the absolute risk (AR) and risk difference (RD) of the association between DM status and HF outcome, and between DM status and mortality.ResultsA total of 34,855 patients were included in this study, consisting of 6909 (19.8%) DM patients. The AR of HF after CABG in the 10th year was 35.1% versus 26.4% for patients with versus without DM (p < 0.001), respectively. The RD of HF for each exceeding year (3.7 percentage point (pp.) in the 1st year versus 8.6 pp. in the 10th year) was higher for patients with DM compared to those without DM.ConclusionThe risk of HF was significantly higher up to ten years after CABG in patients with DM compared to those without DM.

KW - Coronary artery bypass grafting

KW - Diabetes mellitus

KW - Heart failure

KW - Mortality

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85218694956&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s00392-025-02594-8

DO - 10.1007/s00392-025-02594-8

M3 - Journal article

SN - 1861-0692

JO - Clinical Research in Cardiology

JF - Clinical Research in Cardiology

ER -

Association between diabetes and heart failure after coronary artery bypass grafting: Danish register-based cohort study

Abstract

Keywords

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