TY - JOUR
T1 - Association between vitamin K1 intake and mortality in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort
AU - Palmer, Claire R.
AU - Bellinge, Jamie W.
AU - Dalgaard, Frederik
AU - Sim, Marc
AU - Murray, Kevin
AU - Connolly, Emma
AU - Blekkenhorst, Lauren C.
AU - Bondonno, Catherine P.
AU - Croft, Kevin D.
AU - Gislason, Gunnar
AU - Tjønneland, Anne
AU - Overvad, Kim
AU - Schultz, Carl
AU - Lewis, Joshua R.
AU - Hodgson, Jonathan M.
AU - Bondonno, Nicola P.
N1 - © 2021. The Author(s).
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Reported associations between vitamin K1 and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality are conflicting. The 56,048 participants from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health prospective cohort study, with a median [IQR] age of 56 [52–60] years at entry and of whom 47.6% male, were followed for 23 years, with 14,083 reported deaths. Of these, 5015 deaths were CVD-related, and 6342 deaths were cancer-related. Intake of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) was estimated from a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and its relationship with mortality outcomes was investigated using Cox proportional hazards models. A moderate to high (87–192 µg/d) intake of vitamin K1 was associated with a lower risk of all-cause [HR (95%CI) for quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.76 (0.72, 0.79)], cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related [quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.72 (0.66, 0.79)], and cancer-related mortality [quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.80 (0.75, 0.86)], after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle confounders. The association between vitamin K1 intake and cardiovascular disease-related mortality was present in all subpopulations (categorised according to sex, smoking status, diabetes status, and hypertension status), while the association with cancer-related mortality was only present in current/former smokers (p for interaction = 0.002). These findings suggest that promoting adequate intakes of foods rich in vitamin K1 may help to reduce all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality at the population level.
AB - Reported associations between vitamin K1 and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality are conflicting. The 56,048 participants from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health prospective cohort study, with a median [IQR] age of 56 [52–60] years at entry and of whom 47.6% male, were followed for 23 years, with 14,083 reported deaths. Of these, 5015 deaths were CVD-related, and 6342 deaths were cancer-related. Intake of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) was estimated from a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and its relationship with mortality outcomes was investigated using Cox proportional hazards models. A moderate to high (87–192 µg/d) intake of vitamin K1 was associated with a lower risk of all-cause [HR (95%CI) for quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.76 (0.72, 0.79)], cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related [quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.72 (0.66, 0.79)], and cancer-related mortality [quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.80 (0.75, 0.86)], after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle confounders. The association between vitamin K1 intake and cardiovascular disease-related mortality was present in all subpopulations (categorised according to sex, smoking status, diabetes status, and hypertension status), while the association with cancer-related mortality was only present in current/former smokers (p for interaction = 0.002). These findings suggest that promoting adequate intakes of foods rich in vitamin K1 may help to reduce all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality at the population level.
KW - Cancer
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Phylloquinone
KW - Prospective cohort study
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85116164479&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10654-021-00806-9
DO - 10.1007/s10654-021-00806-9
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 34591201
AN - SCOPUS:85116164479
SN - 0393-2990
VL - 36
SP - 1005
EP - 1014
JO - European Journal of Epidemiology
JF - European Journal of Epidemiology
IS - 10
ER -