TY - JOUR
T1 - Characteristics Associated with Serological Covid-19 Vaccine Response and Durability in an Older Population with Significant Comorbidity
T2 - The Danish Nationwide ENFORCE Study
AU - Søgaard, Ole Schmeltz
AU - Reekie, Joanne
AU - Johansen, Isik Somuncu
AU - Nielsen, Henrik
AU - Benfield, Thomas
AU - Wiese, Lothar
AU - Stærke, Nina Breinholt
AU - Iversen, Kasper
AU - Fogh, Kamille
AU - Bodilsen, Jacob
AU - Iversen, Mette
AU - Knudsen, Lene Surland
AU - Klastrup, Vibeke
AU - Larsen, Fredrikke Dam
AU - Andersen, Sidsel Dahl
AU - Hvidt, Astrid Korning
AU - Andreasen, Signe Rode
AU - Madsen, Lone Wulff
AU - Lindvig, Susan Olaf
AU - Øvrehus, Anne
AU - Ostrowski, Sisse Rye
AU - Abildgaard, Christiane
AU - Matthews, Charlotte
AU - Jensen, Tomas O.
AU - Raben, Dorthe
AU - Erikstrup, Christian
AU - Fischer, Thea K.
AU - Tolstrup, Martin
AU - Østergaard, Lars
AU - Lundgren, Jens
N1 - Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - OBJECTIVES: To identify individual characteristics associated with serological COVID-19 vaccine responsiveness and durability of vaccine-induced antibodies.METHODS: Adults without history of SARS-CoV-2 infection from the Danish population scheduled for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were enrolled in this parallel group, phase IV study. SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG and Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies were measured at days 0, 21, 90 and 180. Vaccine responsiveness was categorized according to Spike IgG and Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking levels at day 90 post-1st vaccination. Non-durable vaccine-response was defined as day 90 responders that no longer had significant responses by day 180.RESULTS: Of 6544 participants completing two vaccine doses (median age 64, interquartile range:54-75), 3654 (55.8%) received BTN162b2, 2472 (37.8%) mRNA-1273, and 418 (6.4%) ChAdOx1 followed by a mRNA vaccine. Levels of both types of antibodies increased from baseline to day 90 and then decreased to day 180. The decrease was more pronounced for levels of Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies than for Spike IgG. Proportions with vaccine hypo-responsiveness and lack of durable response were 5.0% and 12.1% for Spike IgG; 12.7% and 39.6% for Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibody levels, respectively. Male sex, vaccine type and number of co-morbidities were associated with all four outcomes. Additionally, age >=75y was associated with hypo-responsiveness for Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies (adjusted odds-ratio:1.59, 95% confidence interval:1.25-2.01) but not for Spike IgG.CONCLUSIONS: Comorbidity, male sex and vaccine type were risk factors for hypo-responsiveness and non-durable response to COVID-19 vaccination. The functional activity of vaccine-induced antibodies declined with increasing age and had waned to pre-2nd vaccination levels for most individuals after 6 months.
AB - OBJECTIVES: To identify individual characteristics associated with serological COVID-19 vaccine responsiveness and durability of vaccine-induced antibodies.METHODS: Adults without history of SARS-CoV-2 infection from the Danish population scheduled for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were enrolled in this parallel group, phase IV study. SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG and Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies were measured at days 0, 21, 90 and 180. Vaccine responsiveness was categorized according to Spike IgG and Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking levels at day 90 post-1st vaccination. Non-durable vaccine-response was defined as day 90 responders that no longer had significant responses by day 180.RESULTS: Of 6544 participants completing two vaccine doses (median age 64, interquartile range:54-75), 3654 (55.8%) received BTN162b2, 2472 (37.8%) mRNA-1273, and 418 (6.4%) ChAdOx1 followed by a mRNA vaccine. Levels of both types of antibodies increased from baseline to day 90 and then decreased to day 180. The decrease was more pronounced for levels of Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies than for Spike IgG. Proportions with vaccine hypo-responsiveness and lack of durable response were 5.0% and 12.1% for Spike IgG; 12.7% and 39.6% for Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibody levels, respectively. Male sex, vaccine type and number of co-morbidities were associated with all four outcomes. Additionally, age >=75y was associated with hypo-responsiveness for Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies (adjusted odds-ratio:1.59, 95% confidence interval:1.25-2.01) but not for Spike IgG.CONCLUSIONS: Comorbidity, male sex and vaccine type were risk factors for hypo-responsiveness and non-durable response to COVID-19 vaccination. The functional activity of vaccine-induced antibodies declined with increasing age and had waned to pre-2nd vaccination levels for most individuals after 6 months.
KW - Antibody
KW - COVID-19
KW - Immunity
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - Vaccination
KW - Antibodies, Viral/blood
KW - Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
KW - Comorbidity
KW - Humans
KW - Immunoglobulin G
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Antibodies, Blocking
KW - Male
KW - COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
KW - mRNA Vaccines
KW - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
KW - Denmark/epidemiology
KW - COVID-19/epidemiology
KW - Female
KW - Aged
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85127561603&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.03.003
DO - 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.03.003
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 35283313
SN - 1198-743X
VL - 28
SP - 1126
EP - 1133
JO - Clinical Microbiology and Infection
JF - Clinical Microbiology and Infection
IS - 8
ER -