Coronary Artery Disease Detected by Low Frequency Heart Sounds

Samuel Emil Schmidt*, Lene Helleskov Madsen, John Hansen, Henrik Zimmermann, Henning Kelbæk, Simon Winter, Dorte Hammershøi, Egon Toft, Johannes Jan Struijk, Peter Clemmensen

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have observed an increase in low frequency diastolic heart sounds in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim was to develop and validate a diagnostic, computerized acoustic CAD-score based on heart sounds for the non-invasive detection of CAD.

METHODS: Prospective study enrolling 463 patients referred for elective coronary angiography. Pre-procedure non-invasive recordings of heart sounds were obtained using a novel acoustic sensor. A CAD-score was defined as the power ratio between the 10-90 Hz frequency spectrum and the 90-300 Hz frequency spectrum of the mid-diastolic heart sound. Quantitative coronary angiography analysis was performed by a blinded core laboratory and patients grouped according to the results: obstructive CAD defined by the presence of at least one ≥ 50% stenosis, non-obstructive CAD as patients with a maximal stenosis in the 25-50% interval and non-CAD as no coronary lesions exceeding 25%. We excluded patients with potential confounders or incomplete data (n = 245). To avoid over-fitting the final cohort of 218 patients was randomly divided into to a training group for development (n = 127) and a validation group (n = 91).

RESULTS: In both the training and the validation group the CAD-score was significantly increased in CAD patients compared to non-CAD patients (p < 0.0001). In the validation group the area under the receiver-operating curve was 77% (95% CI 63-91%). Sensitivity was 71% (95% CI 59-82%) and specificity 64% (95% CI 45-83%).

CONCLUSION: The acoustic CAD-score is a new, inexpensive, non-invasive method to detect CAD, which may supplement clinical risk stratification and reduce the need for subsequent non-invasive and invasive testing.

Original languageEnglish
JournalCardiovascular engineering and technology
Volume13
Issue number6
Pages (from-to)864-871
Number of pages8
ISSN1869-408X
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2022

Bibliographical note

© 2022. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Biomedical Engineering Society.

Keywords

  • Coronary artery disease
  • Diagnostics
  • Heart sounds

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