Decentralized Anomaly Characterization Certificates in Cyber-Physical Power Electronics Based Power Systems

Modern power electronics based power systems with inclusion of information and communication technologies (ICT) have emerged to be cyber-physical systems, making it vulnerable to both cyber and physical anomalies. These systems on one hand are susceptible to grid/system faults, whereas on the other hand, ICT can easily be the potential target of the third-party adversaries. On top, the transient response of cyber-physical power electronics based power systems (PEPS) to the said critical disturbances is very fast, which becomes another challenge to distinguish them accurately within a short time frame. To address this challenge, this paper certifies cyber-physical anomalies using physics-informed empirical laws governed by mapping X-Y plane between locally measured frequency (f) and d-axis voltage (V d ) only, forming a decentralized approach. The anomaly characterization between physical and cyber faults is carried out by tracing the trajectory movement online in the aforementioned X-Y plane. Basically, the physics-informed laws determine the boundaries in this plane to segregate between grid faults and cyber attacks. This decentralized method is effective in classifying the anomalies only within 5 ms (with 20 samples/cycle in a 50 Hz system), which has been validated on modified CIGRE LV benchmark distribution network with real-time (RT) simulations in OPAL-RT environment with HYPERSIM software.