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Abstract
In this contribution, we successfully applied demineralization (i.e., solvent-assisted separation and acid washing) for the removal of carbonaceous solids and inorganics from a biocrude obtained from the catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Miscanthus. The experimental results of all six employed acids showed that 0.1 M H2SO4was the most effective and significantly reduced metallic (Fe by 93.9%, <15 µg/g and Mg by 95.6%, 2.1 µg/g) and ash content (by 92.7% to 337 µg/g) from the already filtered biocrude. The utilized demineralizing agents caused a loss of nitrogen and of organic carbon (1% total organic carbon (TOC) and 0.058% total nitrogen (TN) in 0.1 M H2SO4). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) results clarified the nature of this loss, showing that 54% of ketones and 39% of alcohols were removed when 0.1 M H2SO4was employed. Furthermore, FT-IR spectra remained the same before and after acid washing without affecting any functional groups. This work therefore proposes demineralization as a viable route for the removal of high inorganic content from lignocellulosic HTL biocrudes.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 1035 |
Journal | Processes |
Volume | 9 |
Issue number | 6 |
ISSN | 2227-9717 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Funding: This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 764734 (HyFlexFuel).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Keywords
- Acid wash-ing
- Demineralization
- Hydrothermal liquefaction
- Miscanthus biocrude
- Solvent-assisted separation
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- 1 Finished
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HyFlexFuel: Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Enhanced performance and feedstock flexibility for efficient biofuel production
Rosendahl, L., Pedersen, T. H., Castello, D., Rasmussen, A. V. K. & Haider, M. S.
01/10/2017 → 30/09/2021
Project: Research