Developing a concept for external audits of psychosocial risks in certified occupational health and safety management systems

Psychosocial risks are closely related to work organization, management and organizational context.
Therefore, the nature of psychosocial risks is complex and differs from more traditional OHS risks. The
OHSAS 18001 standard explicitly claims to deal with all OHS risks, including psychosocial risks, and
the audit is a key element in OHS management systems. However, the literature indicates that audits
of psychosocial risk management are difficult and multifaceted, and the available practice excludes psychosocial
risks from audits. Based on an analysis of the literature and available methodological
approaches, we propose a new conceptual model for audits of psychosocial risk management. The model
is grounded in the British ‘‘Guidance on the management of psychosocial risks in the workplace” (BSI,
2011), which has recently been developed to remedy the shortcomings of the OHSAS standard. The model
builds on an interpretation of audit evidence that includes an integration of general scientific knowledge
regarding psychosocial risks with local contextual knowledge. A key tool for the application of the integration
is realistic evaluation, which provides the opportunity to assess the link between psychosocial
risk management measures and expected outcomes. Another important tool is the qualitative interview,
which is the primary method for data collection. The concept has important implications for the dominant
audit practice and auditor competencies. It leads to an expanded knowledge base and a broader concept
of audit evidence that further presupposes considerable auditor resources, and changes the required
knowledge base and skills of auditors.