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Abstract
More recently, balancing the temperature among the cells has become a research topic.
In our work, we consider a dual-balancing problem where we aim to balance both the parameters of the state of charge and temperature.
We consider a Smart Battery Pack, where individual cells can be bypassed, meaning that no current is going to or from the cell, which allows the cell to cool off while the cell does not charge or discharge.
Moreover, a smart battery pack can estimate each cell's characteristics, which, in turn, can be used to define a model of cell and battery pack behavior.
We conduct experiments using the model of a battery pack where each cell differs in its configuration as an effect of aging.
For such a pack with heterogeneous cells, we use Q-Learning in Uppaal Stratego to synthesize a controller that maximizes the time spent in a balanced state, meaning that all cells' states are within a specific range of each other.
We show significant improvements in two aspects compared with two threshold-based controllers that balance either state of charge or temperature.
The synthesized controllers are only unbalanced with the state of charge between 1-4% of the time and for temperature between 15-20% of the time.
The threshold-based controllers are either unbalanced for the state of charge for as much as 37% of the time or for temperature for as much as 44% of the time.
Finally, the maximum variations of state of charge and temperature among the cells are decreased.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | IECON 2023- 49th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society |
Publisher | IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) |
Publication date | 16 Nov 2023 |
Article number | 10311828 |
ISBN (Print) | 979-8-3503-3183-7 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 979-8-3503-3182-0 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 16 Nov 2023 |
Event | IECON 2023- 49th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society - , Singapore Duration: 16 Oct 2023 → 19 Oct 2023 |
Conference
Conference | IECON 2023- 49th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society |
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Country/Territory | Singapore |
Period | 16/10/2023 → 19/10/2023 |
Series | Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society |
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ISSN | 1553-572X |
Keywords
- Digital Twin
- Dual-Balancing
- Reinforcement Learning
- SoC & SoT
- Start Battery Pack
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CROSBAT: SMART BATTERY
Teodorescu, R. (PI), Stroe, D.-I. (CoPI), Che, Y. (Project Participant), Zheng, Y. (Project Participant), Kulkarni, A. (Project Participant), Sui, X. (Project Participant), Vilsen, S. B. (Project Participant), Bharadwaj, P. (Project Participant), Weinreich, N. A. (Project Participant), Christensen, M. D. (Project Coordinator) & Steffensen, B. (Project Coordinator)
01/09/2021 → 31/08/2027
Project: Research
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S4OS: SCALABLE ANALYSIS OF SAFE, SMALL AND SECURE STRATEGIES FOR CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
Larsen, K. G. (PI)
01/01/2021 → 31/12/2027
Project: Research
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OPENSRUM: Optimal Power Conversion and Energy Storage System for Safe and Reliable Urban Air Mobility
Kulkarni, A. (PI), Teodorescu, R. (CoPI) & Steffensen, B. (Project Coordinator)
01/05/2022 → 30/04/2024
Project: Research