Abstract
Antenna-in-package (AiP) technology has been implemented
for millimeter-wave (mmWave) phased array design
with antenna elements and radio frequency (RF) chips integrated.
The radiation pattern beam of mmWave phased array AiP is
typically steered after the in-homogeneous RF branches are
aligned (i.e. AiP calibration). The RF branch discrepancies
among elements are directly obtained with one element enabled
sequentially each time (i.e. on-off mode) by default in the
industry. A recent study has reported that the AiP element branch
discrepancies obtained in the on-off mode might be different
from those obtained in the normal all-on working mode with all
elements active. However, experimental results that demonstrate
the impact of difference between the two calibration modes
on the beam-steering performance of mmWave phased array
AiP have been rarely reported in the literature. In this paper,
the beam-steering performance of two mmWave AiPs after the
two calibration modes is experimentally compared, which is
demonstrated by the beam-steering pattern defined in the paper.
Following the statement on the source of difference between the
two calibration modes of AiP, the system model is described for
the calibration and beam-steering measurements of AiP in the
experimental campaign. Experimental results show that the onoff
calibration mode obtains the same beam-steering performance
as the all-on mode for the main beam pattern, though element
branch discrepancies obtained in the two modes are different.
for millimeter-wave (mmWave) phased array design
with antenna elements and radio frequency (RF) chips integrated.
The radiation pattern beam of mmWave phased array AiP is
typically steered after the in-homogeneous RF branches are
aligned (i.e. AiP calibration). The RF branch discrepancies
among elements are directly obtained with one element enabled
sequentially each time (i.e. on-off mode) by default in the
industry. A recent study has reported that the AiP element branch
discrepancies obtained in the on-off mode might be different
from those obtained in the normal all-on working mode with all
elements active. However, experimental results that demonstrate
the impact of difference between the two calibration modes
on the beam-steering performance of mmWave phased array
AiP have been rarely reported in the literature. In this paper,
the beam-steering performance of two mmWave AiPs after the
two calibration modes is experimentally compared, which is
demonstrated by the beam-steering pattern defined in the paper.
Following the statement on the source of difference between the
two calibration modes of AiP, the system model is described for
the calibration and beam-steering measurements of AiP in the
experimental campaign. Experimental results show that the onoff
calibration mode obtains the same beam-steering performance
as the all-on mode for the main beam pattern, though element
branch discrepancies obtained in the two modes are different.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 9335235 |
| Journal | I E E E Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement |
| Volume | 70 |
| Pages (from-to) | 1-9 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| ISSN | 0018-9456 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 25 Jan 2021 |
Keywords
- Antenna measurements
- Antenna radiation patterns
- Calibration
- Millimeter-wave (mmWave) antenna-in-package (AiP)
- Phase measurement
- Phased arrays
- Probes
- Radio frequency
- antenna measurement
- beam-steering
- phased array calibration
- radio frequency integrated circuits
- radio frequency (RF) integrated circuits
- Antenna measurement
- millimeter-wave (mmWave) antenna-in-package (AiP)